THE CHILDREN IN THE MACEDONIAN TORT LAW

The position of the children in the tort law is a very specific one. It is a fact that a child could physically cause a damage to the property or to the immaterial values of someone else. However, it is also a fact that in the different stages of the mental development of a child, their understanding of their own conduct and the consequences thereof varies. On the other hand, once the damage has occurred it cannot be left uncompensated for. The injured party should not suffer the consequences of the acts of someone else. So, a question rises who will be liable for the damage. In the same time a child may suffer a damage to their property but more often to their person and personal rights, especially to their right to life and health. The consequences of such damage may not be the same as the one an adult may experience. Here we have a question on how this damage will be treated by the law. The Macedonian tort law provides answers to these questions. The objective of this research is to analyse what is the position of the children in the cases of non-contractual liability for damage and is the law providing for sufficient mechanisms for protection of their rights. The solutions present in the national law are compared and analysed vis-à-vis the ones that exist in the states of former SFRY, having in mind the same legal tradition. In regard to the liability for damage the rules of the German and the French law as specific models for the liability for damage in the civil law system. The author concludes that the existing mechanisms on the Macedonian tort law system provide for adequate and sufficient protection of children in torts

Unfair Contract terms in the Contract law of the Republic of Macedonia

The answer to the question what would constitute a contract term in the recent years, espe- cially with the introduction of the e-commerce, is changing. Traditionally a contract is understood as legal act that the parties have negotiated and agreed upon. The changes in the manners of trade of goods and services have brought a new light to this definition. Very often in the contemporary trade the parties (only) agree to what has been proposed and drafted by the other party. This provides for an opportunity such position to be misused to the detriment of the other party, which does not have the time or the knowledge to properly understand the meaning of specific contract clauses. The law is not and cannot be silent on this situation. Its role is to provide grounds for fair dealings and equal- ity of the parties. The legal mechanisms for the assessment of the fairness of specific contract terms exist for this purpos

Human Rights in Patient Care: A Practitioner Guide - Macedonia

Health systems can too often be places of punishment, coercion, and violations of basic rights—rather than places of treatment and care. In many cases, existing laws and tools that provide remedies are not adequately used to protect rights.This Practitioner Guide series presents practical how-to manuals for lawyers interested in taking cases around human rights in patient care. The manuals examine patient and provider rights and responsibilities, as well as procedures for protection through both the formal court system and alternative mechanisms in 10 countries.Each Practitioner Guide is country-specific, supplementing coverage of the international and regional framework with national standards and procedures in the following:ArmeniaGeorgiaKazakhstanKyrgyzstanMacedoniaMoldova (forthcoming)RomaniaRussia (forthcoming)SerbiaUkraineThis series is the first to systematically examine the application of constitutional, civil, and criminal laws; categorize them by right; and provide examples and practical tips. As such, the guides are useful for medical professionals, public health mangers, Ministries of Health and Justice personnel, patient advocacy groups, and patients themselves.Advancing Human Rights in Patient Care: The Law in Seven Transitional Countries is a compendium that supplements the practitioner guides. It provides the first comparative overview of legal norms, practice cannons, and procedures for addressing rights in health care in Armenia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Macedonia, Russia, and Ukraine.A Legal Fellow in Human Rights in each country is undertaking the updating of each guide and building the field of human rights in patient care through trainings and the development of materials, networks, and jurisprudence. Fellows are recent law graduates based at a local organization with expertise and an interest in expanding work in law, human rights, and patient care. To learn more about the fellowships, please visit health-rights.org

Izrada građanskog zakona

Истражувањето се однесува на прашања во врска со процесот на изработка на граѓански законик во Македонија, анализа на постоечките правни прописи од областа на граѓанското право- општ дел, стварното право и облигационото право

Remedies for non performance in sales contracts - damage and interest

The right to compensation for damage due to breach of contract exists in both situations of non-fulfilment of sales contracts, or in situations of lateness, and in situations of improper con- tract fulfilment. When the contract was terminated due to non-fulfilment, according to the general rules on liability for non-fulfilment of contract, both parties are exempted from the obligations with the exception of the obligation of compensation for potential damage (Article 121(1) LO). This is also according to general rules on lateness, i.e. the general rules on non-fulfilment, Namely, when the debtor fails to fulfil an obligation or is overdue in its fulfilment, the creditor has the right to request compensation for the damage incurred as a consequence thereof (Article 251(2) LO). For damages due to lateness in fulfilling the contract and a debtor that the creditor has provided with an adequate additional time for fulfilment (Article 251 (3) LO). Bearing in mind these provisions, the right to compensation for damage exists in the case of contract termination, also when the contract has been fulfilled but belatedly. Regarding the improper fulfilment of a sales contract, the right to compensation of damage is the right of the buyer, and can request proper fulfilment, also in cases when requests for termination of contract or lowering of price were selected (Article 476(2) LO)

EU Consumer Contract Law

Rad proučava proces usklađivanja hrvatskog prava sa acquis communautaire u području zaštite potrošača. Dio I. daje općeniti pregled primijenjene zakonodavne tehnike prilikom preuzimanja acquisa u hrvatsko pravo, informacije o učestalosti korištenja mogućnosti propisivanja višeg stupnja zaštite potrošača u nacionalnome pravu, potom informacije o mogućim povredama EU prava, kao i o sudskoj praksi. Dio II. detaljno razrađuje preuzimanje četiri potrošačke direktive u hrvatsko pravo, naime Direktive 85/577/EEZ o zaštiti potrošača u pogledu ugovora sklopljenih izvan poslovnih prostorija (OJ 1985 L 372), Direktive 93/13/EEZ o nepoštenim odredbama u potrošačkim ugovorima (OJ 1993 L 95), Direktive 97/7/EZ o zaštiti potrošača s obzirom na ugovore na daljinu (OJ 1997 L 144) i Direktive 1999/44/EZ o određenim aspektima prodaje potrošačkih dobara i povezanim garancijama (OJ 1999 L 171). Vrlo se detaljno obrađuje zakonski okvir prije preuzimanja spomenutih direktiva u hrvatsko pravo, način i posljedice, kao i prednosti i nedostaci njihova preuzimanja. Dio III. bavi se pitanjem budućnosti ugovornog prava potrošača kako u Europskoj uniji tako i zemljama jugoistočne Europe. Posebna pozornost posvećena je novom Prijedlogu Direktive o pravima potrošača (KOM(2008) 614 fin, 2) i mogućem načinu njezina preuzimanja u nacionalno pravo. Poseban dio analizira potrošačke ugovore iz aspekta međunarodnog privatnog prava

EU Consumer Contract Law

Rad proučava proces usklađivanja hrvatskog prava sa acquis communautaire u području zaštite potrošača. Dio I. daje općeniti pregled primijenjene zakonodavne tehnike prilikom preuzimanja acquisa u hrvatsko pravo, informacije o učestalosti korištenja mogućnosti propisivanja višeg stupnja zaštite potrošača u nacionalnome pravu, potom informacije o mogućim povredama EU prava, kao i o sudskoj praksi. Dio II. detaljno razrađuje preuzimanje četiri potrošačke direktive u hrvatsko pravo, naime Direktive 85/577/EEZ o zaštiti potrošača u pogledu ugovora sklopljenih izvan poslovnih prostorija (OJ 1985 L 372), Direktive 93/13/EEZ o nepoštenim odredbama u potrošačkim ugovorima (OJ 1993 L 95), Direktive 97/7/EZ o zaštiti potrošača s obzirom na ugovore na daljinu (OJ 1997 L 144) i Direktive 1999/44/EZ o određenim aspektima prodaje potrošačkih dobara i povezanim garancijama (OJ 1999 L 171). Vrlo se detaljno obrađuje zakonski okvir prije preuzimanja spomenutih direktiva u hrvatsko pravo, način i posljedice, kao i prednosti i nedostaci njihova preuzimanja. Dio III. bavi se pitanjem budućnosti ugovornog prava potrošača kako u Europskoj uniji tako i zemljama jugoistočne Europe. Posebna pozornost posvećena je novom Prijedlogu Direktive o pravima potrošača (KOM(2008) 614 fin, 2) i mogućem načinu njezina preuzimanja u nacionalno pravo. Poseban dio analizira potrošačke ugovore iz aspekta međunarodnog privatnog prava